The paradox of cultural knowledge
Learning about cultures helps you connect respectfully — but the same generalizations can become harmful stereotypes if applied rigidly to individuals. The key is holding cultural knowledge lightly.
Generalizations vs. stereotypes
A generalization is a flexible starting hypothesis ('many people in this culture value X'). A stereotype is a fixed assumption applied to every individual ('all people from here are X'). The first opens curiosity; the second closes it.
How to stay open
Use cultural guides as context, then let the actual person surprise you. Ask about their personal experience. Remember that age, region, religion, education, and individual personality shape people far more than nationality. Lead with curiosity, always.