The two communication styles
Cultures sit on a spectrum from direct (low-context) to indirect (high-context). Direct cultures like Germany, the Netherlands, and the US value saying exactly what you mean. Indirect cultures like Japan, China, and many Arab and Latin cultures rely on context, tone, and what's left unsaid.
Why misunderstandings happen
A direct speaker may seem blunt or rude to someone from an indirect culture, while an indirect speaker may seem evasive or unclear to a direct communicator. Neither is wrong — they're just different operating systems for the same goal: understanding each other.
How to bridge the gap
If you're direct, soften your delivery and read between the lines. If you're indirect, be a little more explicit with direct communicators. When in doubt, ask clarifying questions kindly, and never assume tone equals intent.