• Politeness, harmony, and respect are core social values. Indirect communication is common — people often avoid direct refusals to preserve harmony.
  • Bowing is the traditional greeting; its depth signals respect. Removing shoes indoors is essential.
  • Gift-giving (omiyage) is an important social ritual, with great attention to presentation.
  • Tipping is not customary and can even cause confusion. Punctuality is highly valued.
  • Quietness in public spaces, especially on trains, is the norm.